Cherry eye in dogs is a distinctive condition characterized by a visible red swelling in the corner of a dog’s eye. This occurs when the gland of the third eyelid, also known as the nictitating membrane, prolapses and becomes exposed, creating the appearance of a small cherry in the eye.
While this condition can affect any dog, certain breeds have a higher predisposition to developing cherry eye. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for dog owners to ensure their pets receive proper care and maintain good eye health.
Understanding Cherry Eye in Dogs
Cherry eye in dogs refers to the prolapse or protrusion of the third eyelid’s tear gland. Unlike humans, dogs have a third eyelid that contains a tear-producing gland that helps keep their eyes moist and protected. When the connective tissue that holds this gland in place weakens or fails, the gland pops out of its normal position and becomes visible as a red, swollen mass in the corner of the eye. This condition is formally known as prolapse of the nictitating membrane gland but gets its common name from the cherry-like appearance of the exposed gland.
6 Symptoms of Cherry Eye in Dogs
- Red mass in the corner of the eye: The most obvious sign is a round, reddish mass protruding from the inner corner of the eye, resembling a small cherry.
- Excessive tearing or discharge: Dogs with cherry eye often produce more tears or develop ocular discharge as the eye tries to compensate for the displaced gland.
- Pawing or rubbing at the affected eye: The discomfort may cause your dog to paw at or rub their eye against furniture or the floor.
- Dry eye symptoms: If left untreated, the displaced gland may not function properly, leading to dryness, redness, and irritation.
- Visible inflammation: The area around the prolapsed gland may become inflamed, causing the white of the eye to appear red.
- Squinting or blinking frequently: Dogs experiencing discomfort from cherry eye may squint or blink more often than usual.
Common Causes of Cherry Eye in Dogs
Genetic Weakness
Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of cherry eye in dogs. Some dogs are born with weaker connective tissue that holds the gland of the third eyelid in place. This genetic weakness increases the likelihood of the gland prolapsing, especially during growth periods or times of excitement. The connective tissue that should anchor the gland securely can be underdeveloped or structurally flawed, making it more susceptible to stretching or tearing over time.
Inflammation and Irritation
Chronic inflammation or irritation of the eye area can contribute to the development of cherry eye in dogs. Various factors including allergies, environmental irritants, or other eye conditions, can cause inflammation that weakens the attachment of the gland to surrounding tissues. When inflammation persists, it can gradually stretch and damage the connective fibers, eventually allowing the gland to prolapse. Some dogs may develop cherry eye following an eye infection or after exposure to irritants that cause them to rub or scratch at their eyes.
Age-Related Factors
Age can be a contributing factor to cherry eye development, with younger dogs being particularly susceptible. Many cases of cherry eye occur in puppies and dogs under one year of age as their facial structures are still developing. During this growth period, the connective tissues throughout the body, including those around the eye, are undergoing changes and may be more vulnerable to stress or strain. The rapid growth and development during puppyhood can sometimes result in tissues that don’t form proper attachments, leading to the prolapse of the third eyelid gland.
Breed Predisposition
Certain breeds have a higher genetic predisposition to developing cherry eye in dogs due to their facial structure, eye anatomy, or inherent weakness in the connective tissues that hold the third eyelid gland in place. These breeds often have characteristics that put additional stress on the attachment of the gland, making it more likely to prolapse.
Common Breeds at Risk to Cherry Eye in Dogs Include:
- Cocker Spaniels: One of the most commonly affected breeds, with some studies suggesting up to 20% may develop cherry eye during their lifetime.
- Bulldogs: Both English and French Bulldogs have a high incidence of cherry eye, partly due to their unique facial structure.
- Beagles: This breed frequently experiences cherry eye, often developing the condition in both eyes over time.
- Boston Terriers: Their prominent eyes and facial structure contribute to their predisposition for this condition.
- Lhasa Apsos: This breed has a notable genetic tendency toward developing cherry eye, with many showing symptoms before one year of age.
- Shih Tzus: Similar to Lhasa Apsos, Shih Tzus have a higher than average occurrence of cherry eye.
- Poodles: Toy and miniature varieties may develop this condition.
- Bloodhounds: Despite their droopy appearance, these dogs can experience prolapse of the third eyelid gland.
- Newfoundlands: These large breeds can also suffer from cherry eye, demonstrating that the condition affects dogs of all sizes.
- Great Danes: Another large breed that has a higher than average incidence of this condition.
Can Cherry Eye in dogs be treated?
Yes, cherry eye in dogs is definitely a treatable condition, and most dogs make a full recovery with proper veterinary care. The success rate for treatment is generally high, especially when the condition is addressed promptly. Early intervention not only increases the chances of successful treatment but also helps prevent potential complications that could develop if the prolapsed gland is left untreated. The specific treatment approach will depend on factors such as the severity of the prolapse, how long it has been present, and the overall health of the dog.
8 Treatment Options for Cherry Eye in Dogs
- Manual repositioning: For very recent or mild cases, a veterinarian may attempt to gently push the gland back into place. This is typically a temporary solution and often serves as a first step before considering more permanent options.
- Surgical pocket technique: This common surgical technique creates a new pocket in the tissue near the third eyelid where the gland can be tucked and secured. The procedure preserves the important tear-producing function of the gland while keeping it in its proper position.
- Anchoring method: During this surgical procedure, the prolapsed gland is sutured to deeper tissues within the eye socket to hold it in place. This technique helps maintain the gland’s natural position and function.
- Cherry eye surgery for both eyes: If a dog has cherry eye in one eye, veterinarians often recommend preventative surgery for both eyes since there’s a high likelihood the condition will eventually affect the other eye as well.
- Anti-inflammatory medications: These may be prescribed before or after surgery to reduce swelling and discomfort. They’re sometimes used as a supportive treatment alongside surgical intervention.
- Artificial tears and lubricants: These products can help manage symptoms and keep the eye moist while awaiting treatment or during recovery from surgery.
- Gland removal (last resort): In severe or recurring cases, veterinarians may consider removing the prolapsed gland. This option is generally avoided when possible as it can lead to dry eye syndrome, which requires lifelong medication.
- Post-surgical care: This typically includes administering prescribed medications, preventing the dog from rubbing or scratching at the eye, and attending follow-up appointments to ensure proper healing.
Conclusion
Cherry eye in dogs, while concerning to witness, is a manageable condition with several effective treatment options available. Quick recognition of symptoms and prompt veterinary care are crucial to ensuring the best outcome for affected dogs. With proper treatment, most dogs can maintain healthy tear production and avoid the complications associated with untreated cherry eye.
If you notice signs of cherry eye or any other eye concerns in your pet, schedule an appointment with AZ Vet Direct for expert diagnosis and treatment. For more helpful pet health information and updates, follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok, where we regularly share valuable tips and insights to keep your furry family members healthy and happy.
